Answer: The president may require the "principal officer" of any executive department to tender his advice in writing. While the Constitution nowhere requires a formal Cabinet, it does authorize the president to seek advice from the principal officers of the various departments as he (or she) performs their official duties.
Explanation:
they fought for the freedom of the Africa Americas
We have to exclude all the monarchies from this, even the constitutional monarchies. These are: United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
This leaves us with c as the correct answer!
Ps. I can't answer the second question since you forgot the question
D both b and c are correct