Outcomes of Complement Activation There are three major outcomes of complement activation: opsonization, inflammation stimulatio
n, and direct cell lysis. All three outcomes help the this activity, you will determine which statements are associated with opsonization, inflammation stimulation, or cell lysis. Drag each statement to the appropriate box, indicating whether the statement applies to opsonization, inflammation stimulation, or direct cell lysis. body destroy invading pathogens. In Macrophages and neutrophils are attracted to C3 protein molecules bound to the pathogens, making them easier to phagocytize. C9 is polymerized into a circular- shaped complex on the pathogen surface MAC introduces holes to the bacterial cell membrane Neutrophils are attracted to the areaC3a fragments act as chemotactic C5a fragments recruit immune cells to and arrive via diapedesis agents. the site of infection. C3b fragments bind to the surface of Multiple transmembrane proteins are recruited to the pathogen. Inflammation stimulation Direct cell
Compliment system also known as the compliment cascade is a system of plasma proteins that are directly or indirectly activated by pathogens or pathogen-bound antibodies leading to a series/cascade of reactions. The outcomes include;
a) Opsonization
An immune response where the target pathogen is marked for ingestion by the phagocytes. where;
C3b fragments bind to the surface of pathogens.
Macrophages and neutrophils are attracted to C3 protein molecules bound to the pathogens, making them easier to phagocytize.
b) Inflammation stimulation
An inflammation to attract more phagocytes.
C5a fragments recruit immune cells to the site of infection.
Neutrophils are attracted to the area and arrive via diapedesis.
C3a fragments act as chemotactic agents.
c) direct cell lysis
Involves the attack on the pathogen hence eliminating it.
C9 is polymerized into a circular-shaped complex on the pathogen surface.
Multiple transmembrane proteins are recruited to the pathogen.
MAC introduces holes to the bacterial cell membrane.
Matter movement: Carbon dioxide and water enter into the cell. Matter change: Carbon dioxide and water react resulting in glucose and oxygen. Energy change: The light energy of the sun is converted into chemical energy that is stored in the high energy C-C and C-H bonds of glucose.
Parasitism is the relationship that is present between Plasmodium and humans because one organism takes benefit from the other whereas the other get harmed by the other. In Plasmodium and humans relationship, human gets harmed from the mosquito by having malarial disease, while on the other hand, mosquito is benefitted by sucking of blood which is a food source for mosquitoes.
