The KT boundary marks a mass extinction event. the KT boundary is the time between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. An asteroid hit the earth at the end of the Cretaceous and that caused the end of the Cretaceous period. Before the KT boundary, pollen from angiosperms and gymnosperms is high. After the meteor hits the earth, a mass extinction occurs and the amount of pollen from gymnosperms and angiosperms decreases dramatically, while the amount of spores from ferns increases. During the Cretaceous period there were many species of gymnosperms and angiosperms but they disappeared at the KT boundary, when the asteroid hit the earth.
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what I don't understand what is the Ctcagt
No. At that point, you need to determine if the problem lies in the control or the staining reagents or techniques.
A control variable is a scientific experiment in which the experimental element is unchanged throughout the experiment
a control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment by the researchers (untouched by them) and used to see the changes between the controlled group and that of the group that received the vial
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Quadrat method is used for estimating the number of individuals in an area. In this method, a large square area on the ground or water surface is marked, call it an enclave. The number of animals present in this enclave is counted. Then by assuming that the animals are less migratory and are uniformly distributed, their number for a large area is estimated by the use of unitary method of calculation. Example a 4 square feet area has 2 snails, then a 1000 square feet area will have (1000 x 2)/4, i.e, 500 snails in it. Fishes can be counted using this method only if they are confined in a small water body like a lake or a pond. Rivers are flowing so the fishes may move along its length which can give us an underestimate or an overestimate of their numbers. Sea has its depth and huge area, and fishes can be moving randomly in it. Hence this method will not work for river and sea fishes.
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