Germination is a process where plants and other organisms emerge from gymnosperm/angiosperm seeds and start their growth. Gymnosperms are seeds that are not protected by an ovule. Angiosperms are vascular plants that grow fruit and flowers, which are protected by ovule. Sprouting of a seedling from a seed is an example of germination. Fully developed seeds contain an embryo, that store food reserves and are wrapped in the seed coat. Some factors of successful germination include water, oxygen, temperature, type of soil, and light intake.
In parasitism, one organism harms another organism (the host). An example would be fleas living in cats/dogs; they feed on their blood.
Therefore the answer is A is harmed, and B is helped.
Answer:
The carbon atom has four valence (outermost) electrons. Because of this unique configuration, it is easier for the carbon atom to share its four electrons with another atom or atoms than to lose or gain four electrons.
Explanation:
The carbon atom has four valence (outermost) electrons. Because of this unique configuration, it is easier for the carbon atom to share its four electrons with another atom or atoms than to lose or gain four electrons.
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