Numerous antiepileptic medications, such phenytoin, have been designed to block voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) in neuronal membrane. In addition, multiple toxins and pharmacological modulators work by attaching to various biophysical states of the VGSC to cause their effects. Depending on how modulatory agents act, some VGSC states are stabilized or destabilized, altering the channel's biophysical properties. The first anticonvulsant to successfully treat epileptic disorders without causing undesirable side effects such as brain drowsiness was phenytoin.
Phenytoin has been indicated to block high-frequency neuronal activity potentials from the inner vestibule of the pore, as demonstrated by electrophysiological research and site-directed mutation.
Frequency and voltage both affect phenytoin binding.
There are theories that phenytoin interferes with the late sodium current that sustains depolarizations in epilepsy by blocking non-inactivated channels.
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ATP stands for Adenosine TriphosPhate. It is a molecule, responsible for <span>many essential roles in the </span>cell - energy transfer from and into the cell.
<span>If we have two cells A and B and Cell A have less circles in the cell, while cell B has more circles outside the cell, then: </span><span>
ATP is being used to move the molecules out of the cell by cell A , only. </span>
<span><span>Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animilia
Eubacteria
</span> Archaebacteria</span>
