The main purpose is communication. like when you stub your toe , your nervous system communicates to your brain to react and have pain
When a person is startled by a nearby car horn, the sympathetic nervous system will increase its activity. This part of the nervous system will activate the person's fight-or-flight response. It will help the person decide whether to fight aggressively or to flee quickly. In this case, it will tell the person to quickly move away from the car.
This is asexual reproduction and it shows offspring that have the same genes as the parent, since the genetic material was copied before the division.
I hope you meant, a cross between BbPp and BbPp, else for bbpp x bbpp, all the progeny will be bbpp.
We need to work out a Punnett square to determine the genotypes resulting from the cross between BbPp and BbPp. The dyhybrid cross results in 16 different genotypes, of which a few have the same phenotypes.
It can be seen that there are 4 different kinds of phenotypes present, in the ratio 9:3:3:1.
Answer and explanation:
If a cell has a higher concentration of sodium inside than the sodium concentration that there is outside of it, there will be a chemical gradient that will direct the sodium to the outside, to equate the concentrations between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell.
The membrane voltage on cells depends on the conductance of each ion. The more conductant an ion is, the more likely is that it will go through the membrane from the inside to the outside or vice versa. This conductivity relies on the number of active protein channels specific to that ion that can be found in the membrane. If the membrane voltage is negative when the cell is at resting potential, it means that the most conductant ion is one whose equilibrium potential is negative as well. Sodium's equilibrium potential is positive, which suggests that there is another ion inside this cell that is more conductant and whose equilibrium potential is negative - probably potassium.
Given that the membrane voltage is negative, which means that there are more positively charged particles outside than inside, the sodium will most likely flow from the outside to the inside - the electrical force on sodium will be from the outside to the inside.
The determining direction of the sodium will be given by the electrochemical gradient and will depend on the magnitude of the chemical gradient and the electrical one.
