The answer to this would be D: physical components of the environment, such as rocks and sand. The word "biotic" mean all the living organisms within an ecosystem such as plants and animals.
Answer;
"couples" energetically unfavorable reactions to ATP condensation in order to drive the reaction toward the required product.
Explanation;
-Metabolic pathways are designed to synthesize necessary cellular reagents as required for cellular and tissue function. To accomplish this, the reaction sequence includes both reactions that are essentially irreversible and reactions that are freely reversible (near equilibrium).
-In most cases, cells use a strategy called reaction coupling, in which an energetically favorable reaction (like ATP hydrolysis) is directly linked with an energetically unfavorable (endergonic) reaction.
Recycling cells division. meoisis theroy
High central plateaus sandwiched between tall mountains
