Genes involved in production of abnormal red blood cells may have an abnormal sequence of bases (nucleotides), like inherited alteration in the gene for JAK2, a protein with enzymatic activity that's linked to the abnormal production of blood cells.
Three important characteristics such as a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal gill slits, should appear at any stage of their life cycle. These are the characteristics of the chordates. Members of echinoderms share resemblance with chordates in presence of a notochord.
The surviving R strain transformed into a living S strain.
Butter because it has more kcal/grams than the others