Due to strong rulers in different countries in Europe, Italy had to develop strong defenses and had to also be strong country itself or perish and be anhiliated by other strong rulers. They partially did this by becoming a state of trade that was valuable to anyone who traded with them.
The fall of communism had its roots in postwar weariness. Communism originated in France, Europe. The ideal of communism opposes human nature and thus it would always be bound to fail. The answer to this open-ended lies on the bad effects of communism.
Probably A or C. If I were you, I would go for A
