Question

Combustion analysis of 0.600 g of an unknown compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen produced 1.043 g of CO2 and 0.5670 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula of the compound? Note because you are not able to enter subscripts enter the answer in the form: CxHyOz

Answer 1

Answer : The empirical formula of the compound is $C_3H_8O_2$

Explanation :

The chemical equation for the combustion of hydrocarbon having carbon, hydrogen and oxygen follows:

$C_xH_yO_z+O_2\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O$

where, 'x', 'y' and 'z' are the subscripts of Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen respectively.

We are given:

Mass of $CO_2=1.043g$

Mass of $H_2O=0.5670g$

We know that:

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44 g/mol

Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol

For calculating the mass of carbon:

In 44 g of carbon dioxide, 12 g of carbon is contained.

So, in 1.043 g of carbon dioxide, $\frac{12}{44}\times 1.043=0.284g$ of carbon will be contained.

For calculating the mass of hydrogen:

In 18 g of water, 2 g of hydrogen is contained.

So, in 0.5670 g of water, $\frac{2}{18}\times 0.5670=0.063g$ of hydrogen will be contained.

Mass of oxygen in the compound = (0.600) - (0.284 + 0.063) = 0.253 g

To formulate the empirical formula, we need to follow some steps:

Step 1: Converting the given masses into moles.

Moles of Carbon =$\frac{\text{Given mass of Carbon}}{\text{Molar mass of Carbon}}=\frac{0.284g}{12g/mole}=0.0237moles$

Moles of Hydrogen = $\frac{\text{Given mass of Hydrogen}}{\text{Molar mass of Hydrogen}}=\frac{0.063g}{1g/mole}=0.063moles$

Moles of Oxygen = $\frac{\text{Given mass of oxygen}}{\text{Molar mass of oxygen}}=\frac{0.253g}{16g/mole}=0.0158moles$

Step 2: Calculating the mole ratio of the given elements.

For the mole ratio, we divide each value of the moles by the smallest number of moles calculated which is 0.0158 moles.

For Carbon = $\frac{0.0237}{0.0158}=1.5$

For Hydrogen  = $\frac{0.063}{0.0158}=3.98\approx 4$

For Oxygen  = $\frac{0.0158}{0.0158}=1$

The ratio of C : H : O = 1.5 : 4 : 1

To make in a whole number we are multiplying the ratio by 2, we get:

The ratio of C : H : O = 3 : 8 : 2

Step 3: Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.

The ratio of C : H : O = 3 : 8 : 2

Hence, the empirical formula for the given compound is $C_3H_8O_2$