Explanation:
There are several types of antibodies and antigens, and each antibody is capable of binding only to a specific antigen. ... Antigens are bound to antibodies through weak and noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions.
Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen. T lymphocytes attack antigens directly and help control the immune response. They also release chemicals, known as cytokines, which control the entire immune response.
<u>Bioclastic</u> rocks are actually sub-parts of <u>clastic</u> rocks, not a completely different thing altogether.
<u>Clastic</u> rocks are made up of loosened bits of pre-existing rocks. These rocks are formed from weathering, breaking those larger rocks down into little particles (for example, a grain of sand) due to external weather factors such as wind or rain. Some examples of these rocks would be sandstone, conglomerate, and silistone. They are classified by the size and shape of the fragments they are made up of.
<u>Bioclastic</u> rocks are also made up of loosened bits, however, they are not made of rock. They are made of fossils and biogenic (made by living organisms) particles (for example, pieces of shells and coral). These rocks are formed from small parts of pre-existing organisms compacting together to form a rock. Examples of this type of rock would be coquina and limestone, or more specifically, bioclastic limestone. Bioclastic rocks have a very crystalline texture and it is highly likely that you will see a shell in this rock type.
Hydrophobic is when it cannot dissolve in water and hydrophilic is when it can. an example is a phospholipid in the cell membrane- the the tails are hydrophobic and the heads are hydrophilic.
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. A compound is a substance which is formed by two or more different types of elements which are united chemically in a fixed proportion. All molecules are not compounds. All compounds are molecules.
Star brightness is defined by either <span>D. apparent magnitude - when we measure it from Earth (that is how bright it is from Earth) - this is the closest to "basic observation" and the best answer
or by absolute magnitute - how bright it would be at a certain distance (this allows to compare the brightness).
</span>