Answer:
Darwin had arrived at a complete theory of evolution by 1839, but it was to be another 20 years before he published his ideas of evolution through natural selection in his epochal book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.
Answer: -
1.34 L
Explanation: -
Initial Pressure P 1 = 39.1 bar
Initial Temperature T 1 = 643 K
Let the initial volume be V 1.
Final pressure P 2 = 87.0 bar
Final temperature T 2 = 525 K.
Final volume V 2 = 0.492 L
Using the equation


Plugging in the values
We have
V 1 = 87 bar x 0.492 L x 643 K / (39.1 bar x 525 K)
= 1.34 L
Thus, a gas is contained in a thick-walled balloon. When the pressure changes from 39.1 bar to 87.0 bar the volume changes from 1.34 L to 0.492L and the temperature changes from 643K to 525K