Answer:

Explanation:
Given that,
The speed of an electromagnetic wave traveling in a transparent nonmagnetic substance is given by :

Where
k is the dielectric constant of the substance.
v is the speed of light in water


So, the speed of light in water is 
Im pretty sure it’s a because it makes more sense you know?.
Motion is the correct word that fits in.
Hope this helps.
The complete sentence is:
A calorimeter directly measures changes in temperature in order to calculate specific heat.
In fact, the amount of energy acquired/released by a substance is directly proportional to its change in temperature due to the equation

where Q is the amount of energy, m is the mass of the substance, Cs is the specific heat of the substance and
is the change in temperature. Therefore, by knowing Q, m and by measuring the change in temperature, it is possible to calculate Cs, the specific heat capacity of the substance.
The effective acceleration or deceleration due to gravity depends on the inclined angle of the track relative to ground; the steeper the slope is the greater the effective acceleration.