When you decide to start a physical exercise, you have set a goal to be achieved with this physical activity, such as losing weight, fattening, strengthening muscles, gaining body mass, among others. Your main goal with exercise, the one you want to achieve at the end of physical activity is your "ultimate goal". So-called long and short term goals are just goals that you want to achieve until you reach your ultimate goal.
I would say A because a short term goal is a goal you want to get in a short term amount of time. And letter C long term goal is usually the goal your trying to get after months of trying. The ultimate goal is your end result goal.
I think one thing you could do in order to measure your cardiovascular strength you can do a full sprint run. In order to help improve your fitness levels you can swim, jog/run, body weight exercises, and a balanced diet.
