The patient can be subjected to intraoperative cholangiography wherein a stent in the bile duct will be placed and a radiopaque dye will be injected. X-rays will be taken. This is to locate the level of obstruction and to confirm if there is a common bile duct obstruction. In extracting stones, the surgeon can prefer doing an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or ERCP and perform basket extraction of the common bile duct stone; or to surgically remove the sphincter of Oddi to allow easy passage of the stones.
Mitosis in an eukaryotic cell cycle occurs after the G2 phase (option b). This is the final stage of interphase and during this time, the cell continues to grow as well as create new proteins. Successful completion of this phase results in the commencement of Mitosis.
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Explanation:
High-energy electrons are transported from the chlorophyll to other molecules by electron carriers beginning with pheophytin, P0 (a form of chlorophyll), then A1 phylloquinone etc.
The chloroplast is an organelle attached to the membrane found in plants. This comprises many plasma membrane invaginations called the thylakoid membrane. It contains chlorophyll pigments, called granum in rows, while the organelle's internal areas are called the lumen. Water fills the granum and the stroma is created.
Further Explanation:
<em>During the light reaction: </em>
- Photosystem II (PSII) contains pigments which consume light energy. This energy is exchanged between pigments until it enters the reaction core and is moved to P680; this transfers an electron to a higher level of energy where it then travels to a molecule of acceptors.
- For those removed from photosystem II, water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with substitute electrons. Additionally, water (H2O) divided into H+ and OH-by light during photolysis acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducer.
- The electron moves down the electron transport chain via several electron carriers
- The e- is delivered (to PS I) where it has a continuous loss of energy. Such energy drives the drainage of H+ from the stroma to the thykaloid, which results in a gradient creation. The H+ pass down their curve, passing into the stroma by ATP synthase.
- ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the ATP molecule, which stores energy.
- The electron enters Photosystem I where it heads to P700 pigments. It's. This consumes light energy, transfers the electron to a higher energy level, and moves it on to an acceptor electron. This leaves room for another electron which is then replaced by a photosystem II electron.
- In the ETC the NADP molecule is reduced to NADPH by supplying H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are vital to the Calvin cycle, in which monosaccharides or glucose-like sugars are produced after several molecules have been modified.
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Viruses are not considered living because they cannot survive without a host organism, and they do not exhibit the characteristics of life.