Giving a rat some food in the same half of the cage as the bar experimenters want it to press is an example of shaping.
<h3>What is
shaping?</h3>
A conditioning paradigm known as shaping is frequently used to analyze behavior in experiments. Differential reinforcement of subsequent approximations is the technique utilized. B. F. Skinner first used pigeons to demonstrate it before expanding to include dogs, dolphins, humans, and other species.
By encouraging behaviors that advance toward the desired behavior, shaping affects behavior (operant response). Organisms can be trained to behave in ways that would only sometimes if ever, happen naturally through shaping.
Methods of Shaping Behavior:
- Positive reinforcement.
- Negative reinforcement.
- Punishment.
- Extinction.
- Schedules of reinforcement.
To know more about B. F. Skinner refer to: brainly.com/question/802392
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The main items traded were gold and salt. The gold mines of West Africa provided great wealth to West African Empires such as Ghana and Mali. Other items that were commonly traded included ivory, kola nuts, cloth, slaves, metal goods, and beads.
Answer:
C). The early IQ tests lacked validity.
Explanation:
As per the given description, option C displays the most accurate evaluation of the early IQ tests that they lacked validity because these assessments did not consider 'the true educational potential of the person' but rather focused on testing the 'subject's knowledge of the upper-class white....them' that affects the authenticity of the claim and makes it biased. A valid IQ test is demonstrated as the test that emphasizes to examine the actual educational knowledge of the individual who is being tested instead of checking their knowledge on certain pre-defined parameters.
