During Prophase chromosomes condense, and mitotic spindle form, chromosomes are copied, and the nuclear membrane disappears, spindle fibres pull the sister chromatids apart.
Explanation:
Prophase is divided into 2 sub-phases as early Prophase and late prophase.
Early Prophase:
In early prophase distinct thick chromosome like structures, Centrioles move to the opposite poles and, nuclear membrane disappears
By late prophase:
Astral rays and spindle fibres are formed. Spindle fibres attach to the chromosome. Contractions occur in the attachment and sister chromatids are pull apart towards the equator.
Metaphase will follow the prophase.
Active transport means the molecules move against a concentration gradient from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.
Answer:
mutation rates can be used to design molecular clocks in order to estimate divergence times among species
Explanation:
In evolutionary biology, the substitution rates (also known as mutation rates) are used for the development of 'molecular clocks' which allow estimating the divergence times among species or among taxonomic groups. Molecular clocks can be designed by estimating the divergence rate of nucleotide sequences (either DNA or RNA) and amino acid (protein) sequences. These substitution rates can also be used to track how quickly viruses evolve (for example, in a pandemic situation).
Answer:
Negative
Explanation:
There are more electrons (negative charge) than there are protons (positive charge).
Answer:
The most common nutrients causing eutrophication are nitrogen and phosphorus. The main source of nitrogen pollutants is run-off from agricultural land, whereas most phosphorus pollution comes from households and industry, including phosphorus-based detergents.
Explanation:
