Answer:
the billions of cells that originate from one parent cell
Explanation:
B. Water is a polar molecule that acts as a universal solvent.
Top-down effects imply control through predation, including fishery, while
bottom-up effects imply control through food abundance, often thought to be driven by climate or nutrient load.
<h3>What is Top down regulation ?</h3>
The top-down effect refers to a higher trophic level influences the community structure of a lower trophic level through predation.
<h3>What is Bottom up regulation ?</h3>
The bottom-up effect means that a lower trophic level in the biological network affects the community structure of higher trophic levels by means of resource restriction
Learn more about Top down and bottom up regulation here:
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...strong hydrogen bonds between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms of neighbouring atoms increases the amount of energy needed to cause water to change states.
Each time an organism is consumed, 90% of the energy is lost as heat. that leaves only 10% for the carnivore
