Question

The glomerulus is a unique, high-pressure capillary bed because the ___________ arteriole feeding it is larger in diameter than the ____________ arteriole draining the bed. Glomerular filtrate is very similar to ____________ , but it has fewer proteins. Mechanisms of tubular reabsorption include ___________ and ___________. As an aid for the reabsorption process, the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) have dense ____________ on their luminal surface, which increase their _______________ dramatically. Other than reabsorption, an important tubule function is _____________, which is important for ridding the body of substances not already in the filtrate. Blood composition depends on ___________, __________, and __________. In a day’s time, 180 liters of blood plasma are filtered into the kidney tubules, but less than ________ liters of urine are usually produced. ____________ is responsible for the normal yellow color of urine. The three major nitrogenous wastes found in the blood, which must be disposed of, are ____________, _____________, and ___________. The kidneys determine how much water is to be lost from the body. When water loss via vaporization from the ___________ or ___________ of perspiration from the skin is excessive, urine output ____________. If the kidneys become nonfunctional, ___________ is used to cleanse the blood of impurities.

Answer 1

Answer:

The preferable words for the fill in the blanks will be -

afferent, efferent;

blood plasma;

diffusion (passive transport), active transport;

microvilli;

secretion;

urine output, cellular metabolism, diet;

1-1.8;

Urochrome;

urea, uric acid, creatinine;

vaporization, lungs, perspiration, skin, decreases;

dialysis.

Explanation:

• The glomerulus is a unique high-pressure capillary bed because the afferent arteriole feeding it is larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole draining the bed.

• Glomerular filtrate is very similar to blood plasma, but it has fewer proteins.

• Mechanisms of tubular reabsorption include diffusion (passive transport) and active transport.

• As an aid for the reabsorption process, the cells of the PCT have dense microvilli on their luminal surface, which increases surface area dramatically.

• Other than reabsorption and important tubule function is secretion, which is important for ridding the body of substances not already in the filtrate.

• Blood composition depends on urine output, cellular metabolism, and diet.

• In a day's time, 180 liters of blood plasma is filtered into the kidney tubules, but only about 1-1.8 liters of urine is actually produced.

• Urochrome is responsible for the normal yellow coloration of urine.

• The three major nitrogenous wastes found in the blood, which must be disposed of, are urea, uric acid, and creatinine.

• When water loss via vaporization from the lungs, or perspiration from the skin is excessive, urine output decreases.    

• If the kidneys become nonfunctional, dialysis is used to cleanse the blood of impurities.