NAD+ is the answer hope it helps have a good day
Answer:
The innate immunity in living organisms protects them from the pathogens they encounter daily.
Explanation:
Pathogens are organisms such as virus, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, worms that causes diseases to its host.
For example, Avian flu is a strain or variant of the Influenza virus which predominantly causes a disease in birds such as chickens. The virus responsible for the Avian flu can be passed from birds to humans; when anyone comes in contact with a bird that is carrying the virus i.e a sick bird with Avian flu.
Homeostasis can be defined as a process through which a living organism maintains a steady or stable physical, internal and chemical environment ideal to enhance life and proper functionality.
Also, immunization can be defined as the process of boosting an individual's immunity or immune system against antigens (immunogen) which cause diseases by the administration of vaccines.
Basically, immunization helps to improve the functions of the antibodies, B cells, T cells etc.
If a person becomes infected with a pathogen, such as a virus. The internal stimulus that mainly takes place in order for their body to maintain homeostasis is that their core temperature increases. This is because pathogens such as a virus do not thrive or survive in a hot environment; they're naturally allergic to high temperature (heat).
Cellular respiration is the process that take place in the mitochondrion of a cell, it involves use of glucose from photosynthesis to produce energy in form of ATP and formation of CO2 and water. In this case, the Carbon dioxide formed passively diffuses out of the cell and Oxygen is pumped in and forces CO2 out. In this process oxygen acts as a electron acceptor.
d. dynamic and changing
Explanation:
The marketing environment is best described as being dynamic and changing.
Marketing is a set of activities whereby a company promotes their products and services.
- A marketing environment refers to all factors that ensures the producers serves their customers better.
- There is no real static model to make predictions about the marketing environment.
- Since it is targeted and centered on customers, the marketing environment is constantly changing and dynamic.
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Market economy brainly.com/question/10906918
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