Question

Copernicus's heliocentric model and Ptolemy's geocentric model were each developed to provide a description of the solar system. Both models had advantages that made each an acceptable explanation for motions in the solar system during their time.
Sort each statement according to whether it is an advantage of the heliocentric model, the geocentric model, or both.

(a) Explained planetary motions and brightness changes most simply.
(b) Rooted in widely accepted religious beliefs regarding Earth's place in the universe.
(c) Planetary orbits and the motions based on Greek ideologies of perfect form and motion.
(d) Predicted planetary positions accurately over relatively short time periods.

Answer 1

Answer:

Heliocentric

- Explained planetary motions and brightness changes most simply

Geocentric

- Rooted in widely accepted religious beliefs regarding Earth's place in the universe

Both Geo- and heliocentric

-Planetary orbits and the motions based on Greek ideologies of perfect form and motion

-Predicted planetary positions accurately over relatively short time periods.

Explanation:

In Order to get a better understanding of the answer above we have to first understand the postulate of  Copernicus's heliocentric model and Ptolemy's geocentric model

Ptolemy's geocentric model:

This Model describes  the universe with earth at the center, under this model the Sun, Moon,stars and planets all orbited Earth.

Two observations supported the idea that Earth was the center of the Universe:

First, from anywhere on Earth, the Sun appears to revolve around Earth once per day. While the Moon and the planets have their own motions, they also appear to revolve around Earth about once per day. The stars appeared to be fixed on a celestial sphere rotating once each day about an axis through the geographic poles of Earth.

Second, Earth seems to be static from the perspective of an earthbound observer; it feels solid, stable, and stationary.

For over a millennium European and Islamic astronomers assumed it was the correct cosmological model. Because of its influence, people sometimes wrongly think the Ptolemaic system is identical with the geocentric model.

Copernicus's heliocentric model :

1. The Earth is one of several planets revolving around a stationary sun in a determined order.
2. The Earth has three motions: daily rotation, annual revolution, and annual tilting of its axis.
3. Retrograde motion(Retrograde motion is an APPARENT change in the movement of the planet through the sky. It is not REAL in that the planet does not physically start moving backwards in its orbit. It just appears to do so because of the relative positions of the planet and Earth and how they are moving around the sun.the explanation for retrograde motion is that retrograde occurs roughly when a faster moving planet catches up to and passes a slower moving planet.) of the planets is explained by the Earth's motion.
4. The distance from the Earth to the Sun is small compared to the distance from the Sun to the stars.

 [The geocentric model was compelling because it adhered to religious beliefs about Earth's centrality in the universe. The heliocentric model was compelling because it provided a simpler explanation for observed motions in the solar system. Because both models adhered to the belief in the perfect form and motion, they made inaccurate predictions of planetary motions over long periods of time. since neither model made better predictions than the other, both remained viable.