Answer: The value of the bond will decrease
Explanation:
The Interest rate has a negative inverse relationship with the value of a bond
. When the interest rate increases the value of a bond decreases and when interest rate decreases the bond value increases. Bonds with low coupon rates tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes this is known has coupon effect.
Bonds with long time frame (long term bonds), they also tend to be are more sensitive to changes in the interest rate this is known has the maturity effect. Therefore a change in the interest rate will cause a huge change in the value of a Bond with low coupon rate and long time period.
The Bond is a 20 year Bonds which qualifies it to be a long term bond and the coupon Rate is 7%, with these facts and knowing that long term bonds are more sensitive to interest rate changes we can conclude that the sudden increase of the interest rate to 15% will cause a huge decrease in the value of the bond
Competitive price taker firms always earn zero economic profit in long-run equilibrium because of the following reasons which include easy entry & exit, small player etc.
Perfect competition exists when there are many sellers, firms can easily enter and exit, products are identical from one seller to the next, and sellers are price takers.
A perfectly competitive firm must accept the equilibrium price at which it sells goods because it is a price taker.
A perfectly competitive firm will be unable to make any sales if it charges even a small amount more than the market price.
Furthermore, a perfectly competitive firm must be a very small player in the overall market, allowing it to increase or decrease output without affecting the overall quantity supplied and price in the market.
Hence, Competitive price taker firms always earn zero economic profit in long-run equilibrium.
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Answer:
make business texts look cluttered
Explanation:
Documents with a lot of text and not much white space makes business text look cluttered due to a lot of content which makes the text seem disorganized. Another disadvantage of cluttered text is that they are difficult to comprehend by an untrained eye.
Answer:
Water freight is a very important method of transportation and is the second cheapest (railroad is the cheapest). Huge volumes can be shipped at relatively low prices which is extremely important for raw materials and commodities.
The problem with water freight is that it is relatively slow though. Another problem that water freight faces is that it is cheap for medium and long distances, but uneconomical for short ones.
A great impediment for the technological progress of water freight is that most ports are obsolete and have not been updated in many years. Updating them is very expensive and many of them are public ports which doesn't help either.
Most new carrier ships (which are very high tech) are probably too big to fit into most US ports, so even if a carrier company invests huge amounts of money in them, where will they them? Technological progress must start with the ports, then water carriers should improve.
Another problem is that regulation is very loose in the US, especially regarding maritime ports.
Answer:
First Expected Dividend will come in at the end of Year 3 or t=3 assuming current time is t=0.
D3 = $ 4.25, Growth Rate for year 4 and year 5 = 22.1 %
Therefore, D4 = D3 x 1.221 = 4.25 x 1.221 = $ 5.18925 and D5 = D4 x 1.221 = 5.18925 x 1.221 = $ 6.33607
Growth Rate post Year 5 = 4.08 %
D6 = D5 x 1.0408 = 6.33607 x 1.0408 = $ 6.59459
Required Return = 13.6 %
Therefore, Current Stock Price = Present Value of Expected Dividends = [6.59459 / (0.136-0.0408)] x [1/(1.136)^(5)] + 4.25 / (1.136)^(3) + 5.18925 / (1.136)^(4) + 6.33607 / (1.136)^(5) = $ 45.979 ~ $ 45.98
Price at the end of Year 2 = P2 = Present Value of Expected Dividends at the end of year 2 = [6.59459 / (0.136-0.0408)] x [1/(1.136)^(3)] + 4.25 / (1.136) + 5.18925 / (1.136)^(2) + 6.33607 / (1.136)^(3) = $ 59.3358 ~ $ 59.34
Dividend Yield at the end of year 3 = DY3 = D3 / P2 = 4.25 / 59.34 = 0.07612 or 7.612 %
Total Required Return = 14. 6 %
Therefore, Required Capital Gains Yield = 14.6 % - 7.612 % = 6.988 %
