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abruzzese [7]
2 years ago
15

You are considering building a residential wind power system to produce 6,000 kWh of electricity each year. The installed cost o

f the system is $1.50/Winstalled. The system is estimated to have a capacity factor of 22% and a 10 year life. The interest rate is 8% with an operations and maintenance cost of $0.04/kWhgenerated. What is the leveled cost of electricity for the system ($/kWh)?
Engineering
1 answer:
alisha [4.7K]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

leveled cost of electricity LCOE is 0.1159/kwh

Explanation:

given data:

installation cost of system = $1.50/winstalled

capacity factor = 22%

life = 10 year

rate of interest 8%

operation and maintenance cost = $0.04 / kwh generated

capcaitence recovery factorCRF = \frac{i(i+1)^n}{(i+1)^n -1}

i= rate of interest

n = annuity period

CRF = \frac{0.08(1+0.08)^10}}{(1+0.08)^{10} -1} = 0.14903

LCOE = \frac{cost\ of \installation \times CRF}{hours/ available \times capacity\ factor} + variable\ o&M\ cost

=  \frac{1.50\times 1000/kw \times 0.14903}{8760\times 0.22} + 0.04/kwh

          = 0.1159/kwh + 0.04 /kwh

          = 0.1559 /kwh

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At an impaired driver checkpoint, the time required to conduct the impairment test varies (according to an exponential distribut
professor190 [17]

Answer:

Option (d) 2 min/veh

Explanation:

Data provided in the question:

Average time required = 60 seconds

Therefore,

The maximum capacity that can be accommodated on the system, μ = 60 veh/hr

Average Arrival rate, λ = 30 vehicles per hour

Now,

The average time spent by the vehicle is given as

⇒ \frac{1}{\mu(1-\frac{\lambda}{\mu})}

thus,

on substituting the respective values, we get

Average time spent by the vehicle = \frac{1}{60(1-\frac{30}{60})}

or

Average time spent by the vehicle = \frac{1}{60(1-0.5)}

or

Average time spent by the vehicle = \frac{1}{60(0.5)}

or

Average time spent by the vehicle = \frac{1}{30} hr/veh

or

Average time spent by the vehicle = \frac{1}{30}\times60 min/veh

[ 1 hour = 60 minutes]

thus,

Average time spent by the vehicle = 2 min/veh

Hence,

Option (d) 2 min/veh

7 0
3 years ago
What is the volume of the rectangular prism shown.
Likurg_2 [28]
It would be 72cm bc u need to add up all the line in the back to
7 0
3 years ago
Water at a pressure of 3 bars enters a short horizontal convergent channel at 3.5 m/s. The upstream and downstream diameters of
earnstyle [38]

Answer:

The pressure reduces to 2.588 bars.

Explanation:

According to Bernoulli's theorem for ideal flow we have

\frac{P}{\gamma _{w}}+\frac{V^{2}}{2g}+z=constant

Since the losses are neglected thus applying this theorm between upper and lower porion we have

\frac{P_{u}}{\gamma _{w}}+\frac{V-{u}^{2}}{2g}+z_{u}=\frac{P_{L}}{\gamma _{w}}+\frac{V{L}^{2}}{2g}+z_{L}

Now by continuity equation we have

A_{u}v_{u}=A_{L}v_{L}\\\\\therefore v_{L}=\frac{A_{u}}{A_{L}}\times v_{u}\\\\v_{L}=\frac{d^{2}_{u}}{d^{2}_{L}}\times v_{u}\\\\\therefore v_{L}=\frac{2500}{900}\times 3.5\\\\\therefore v_{L}=9.72m/s

Applying the values in the Bernoulli's equation we get

\frac{P_{L}}{\gamma _{w}}=\frac{300000}{\gamma _{w}}+\frac{3.5^{2}}{2g}-\frac{9.72^{2}}{2g}(\because z_{L}=z_{u})\\\\\frac{P_{L}}{\gamma _{w}}=26.38m\\\\\therefore P_{L}=258885.8Pa\\\\\therefore P_{L}=2.588bars

6 0
3 years ago
What is hardness and how is it generally tested?
drek231 [11]

Answer:

Hardness is understood as the property of materials in general to resist the penetration of an indenter under load, so that the hardness represents the resistance of the material to the plastic deformation located on its surface.

Explanation:

Hardness of a material is understood as the resistance that the material opposes to its permanent surface plastic deformation by scratching or penetration. It is always true that the hardness of a material is inversely proportional to the footprint that remains on its surface when a force is applied.

In this sense, the hardness of a material can also be defined as that property of the surface layer of the material to resist any elastic deformation, plastic or destruction due to the action of local contact forces caused by another body (called indenter or penetrator), harder, of certain shape and dimensions, which does not suffer residual deformations during contact.

That is, hardness is understood as the property of materials in general to resist the penetration of an indenter under load, so that the hardness represents the resistance of the material to the plastic deformation located on its surface.

The following conclusions can be drawn from the previous definition of hardness:  

  1) hardness, by definition, is a property of the surface layer of the material, and is not a property of the material itself;  

  2) the methods of hardness by indentation presuppose the presence of contact efforts, and therefore, the hardness can be quantified within a scale;

  3) In any case, the indenter or penetrator must not undergo residual deformations during the test of hardness measurement of the body being tested.

To determine the hardness of the materials, durometers with different types of tips and ranges of loads are used on the various materials. Below are the most commonly used tests to determine the hardness of the materials.

   Rockwell hardness :

It refers to the Rockwell hardness test, a method with which the hardness or resistance of a material to be penetrated is calculated. It is characterized by being a fast and simple method that can be applied to all types of materials. An optical reader is not required.

    Brinell hardness :

Brinell hardness is a scale that is used to determine the hardness of a material through the indentation method, which consists of penetrating with a hardened steel ball tip into the hard material, a load and for a certain time.  

This test is not very precise but easy to apply. It is one of the oldest and was proposed in 1900 by Johan August Brinell, a Swedish engineer.

    Vickers hardness:

Vickers hardness is a test that is used in all types of solid and thin or soft materials. In this test, a square-shaped pyramid-shaped diamond and a   136° vertex angle are placed on the penetrating equipment.

In this test the hardness measurement is performed by calculating the diagonal penetration lengths.

However, its result is not read directly on the equipment used, therefore, the following formula must be applied to determine the hardness of the material: HV = 1.8544 · F / (dv2).

3 0
2 years ago
PLEASE HELP!! Its easy!!!
Rina8888 [55]

Answer:

C is tire

F is cassette

D is hub

4 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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