the actual answer would be (d) arthropods
Britain and France are the two nations that had greatest amount of territory in Africa
The error in Dinesh's confusion over correlation versus causation about his observed correlation between a gym membership and being overweight is based on <u>backward causation</u>.
<h3>What is backward causation?</h3>
Backward causation is a phenomenon that refers to a situation when an effect is regarded as the cause of an event.
For instance, Dinesh should have recognized that many more overweight people would like to have a gym membership than otherwise.
The implication is that Dinesh should not have concluded falsely that gym memberships make people gain weight.
Thus, the error in Dinesh's confusion over correlation versus causation is referred to as <u>backward causation</u>.
Learn more about backward causation at brainly.com/question/10548665
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