Answer:
Downward communication
Explanation:
She is a higher up in the club, and conveys information to the rest of the club members, who don't have as much of an important position. Her job is to move information given to her to the rest of the members.
<span>The total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) takes into consideration both the direct and indirect global warming effects of refrigerants.
In addition to the direct impact of the refrigerant (which is conveniently estimated by GWP), any system or process, which requires energy input, indirectly affects the environment. This impact is originated from CO2 emissions from the energy production processes.
TEWI can be calculated using the equation below:
TEWI = direct emissions + indirect emissions = (GWP×L×N)+(Ea×β×n),
where
L – annual leakage rate in the system, kg (3% of refrigerant charge annually),
N – life of the system, years (15 years),
n – system running time, years (based on weather data, 4910 hours),
Ea – energy consumption, kWh per year (modelled for each refrigerant),
β – carbon dioxide emission factor, CO2-eq. emissions per kWh (165 g CO2/kWh).</span>
Answer:
10.25%
Explanation:
The requirement which is Coupon rate can be calculated using EAR formula.
EAR = (1 + APR/n)^n - 1
EAR = (1 + 10.00%/2)^2 - 1
EAR = (1 + 0.1/2)^2 - 1
EAR = (1 + 0.05)^2 - 1
EAR = (1.05)^2 - 1
EAR = 1.1025 - 1
EAR = 0.1025
EAR = 10.25%
10.25% is the coupon rate for annually paying bond.
Answer:
A tax rate of 10.71% should make both both indifferent for investors.
Explanation:
the municipal bonds are income-tax free so we should solve for the tax rate which makes both bonds equaly attractive.
0.075 = after-tax rate
0.084 = pre-tax rate
A tax rate of 10.71% should make both both indifferent for investors.
Answer:
revenue bonds
Explanation:
A revenue bond is a Municipal bond used to fund projects that yield income and are secured through a particular source of revenue.
Characteristics of revenue bond.
1. It takes long time to maturity.
2. It yields more returns than the general obligation bond.
The purpose of a revenue bond is so that government can finance projects that generates income such as toll roads, airports, seaports, electricity projects, water projects etc.
