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Chargaff discovered base pairing rules. Franklin took X-ray photographs that revealed that DNA has a spiral structure. This finding helped Watson and Crick create a model of DNA and discover the double-helix.
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Answer:
Antibiotic resistance continues to become worse, despite the ever-increasing resources devoted to combat the problem. One of the most important factors in the development of resistance to antibiotics is the remarkable ability of bacteria to share genetic resources via Lateral Gene Transfer (LGT).
LGT occurs on a global scale, such that in theory, any gene in any organism anywhere in the microbial biosphere might be mobilized and spread. With sufficiently strong selection, any gene may spread to a point where it establishes a global presence. From an antibiotic resistance perspective, this means that a resistance phenotype can appear in a diverse range of infections around the globe nearly simultaneously. We discuss the forces and agents that make this LGT possible and argue that the problem of resistance can ultimately only be managed by understanding the problem from a broad ecological and evolutionary perspective. We also argue that human activities are exacerbating the problem by increasing the tempo of LGT and bacterial evolution for many traits that are important to humans.
It would be 2) two atoms exchange electrons and become ions
Blood vessels, ligaments, muscles, and skin pigment.
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No, since DNA does code for certain traits, others are introduced or changed by the environment. For example, some adaptations are not coded in DNA, such as dying hair. According to the gene, hair is to be black, for example, but it can be changed to look pink. Another example is when a person is first born. When they are, some bacteria enter the system of the baby --- mostly good. Then the baby's gut will be different, and the bacteria in the gut are not coded by the DNA. So, living things are not only the product of DNA, as there are extraneous factors that affect living things as well.
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