Question

Which of the following cells is most likely to have the greatest trouble repairing damaged DNA? Which of the following cells is most likely to have the greatest trouble repairing damaged DNA? A cell with low NAD and large amounts of bonded DBC1 and PARP1. A cell with large amounts of NAD and large amounts of bonded DBC1 and PARP1. A cell with high NAD and a moderate amount of bonded DBC1 and PARP1. A cell with low NAD and small amounts of bonded DBC1 and PARP1.

Answer 1

A cell with low NAD and large amounts of bonded DBC1 and PARP1 is most likely to have the greatest trouble repairing the damaged DNA.

Further Explanation:

Any genetic information present in the DNA should remain unchanged. Any alteration and damage should be corrected to prevent any further problems. A mutation is a permanent change in the sequence of the DNA. The mutant genes have lost or acquired some functions during the process. The process of mutation does not assure that the mutant genes produced will be better than the previous one. Any structural change in the sequence prevents its use as a template for transcription and replication. The DNA damage is basically of two types, endogenous and exogenous. There are many pathways present in all organisms that can treat DNA damage such as:

• Direct reversal pathway
• Base excision repair
• Mismatch repair
• Nucleotide excision repair

There are many problems to treat the DNA damage, such as if a cell has a low level of NAD and a very high amount of bonded PARP1 and DBC1, then it is difficult to treat the damage. This is because DBC1 makes a complex with PARP (Polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase) and inhibit the activity of PARP. Thus, a high amount of complex of PARP1-DBC1 leads to a higher level of DNA damage that cannot be easily corrected.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High school

Subject: Biology

Topic: DNA Damage

Keywords:

DNA, damage, excision repair, PARP, DBC1, treat, complex, difficult, treat, problems, mutant gene, direct, pathway, organism, endogenous, exogenous.

Answer 2

The correct answer is: A cell with low NAD and large amounts of bonded DBC1 and PARP.

Decreased levels of NAD+  are causing NAD+-binding protein DBC1 to form a complex with PARP1 and as a consequence,  polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) catalytic activity is inhibited. Cells with increased amounts of DBC1-PARP1 complexes also have increased DNA damage and thus, trouble in repairing that amount of damaged DNA. This condition is characteristic for aging of cells.