Explanation:
An atom is made up of:
- Protons which are the positively charged particles
- Electrons are negatively charged
- Neutrons carry no charges.
Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.
To find the nuclear charge:
We use the effective nuclear charge formula:
Effective nuclear charge = Atomic number - number of shielding electrons(non-valence electrons)
The shielding electrons are the non-valence electrons in the inner orbitals.
For example:
Ne:
atomic number = 10
Effective nuclear charge = 10 - (2) = 8+
Number of non-valence electrons is 2
The effective nuclear charge is 8+
Overall charge:
Charge = number of protons - number of electrons
For neutral atoms, the overall charge is zero as the number of protons and electrons are the same.
Learn more:
Effective nuclear charge brainly.com/question/5441986
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