Abiotic components are non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment which affect ecosystems. Biotic describes a living component of an ecosystem; for example organisms, such as plants and animals.
Hope this helps!
<span>R group (or side chain) is an organic component of amino acids that is unique to each amino acid. </span> <span>Three of the amino acids have basic side chains at neutral pH: arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), and histidine (His). Their side chains contain nitrogen and resemble ammonia, which is a base and their pKa's are high enough that they tend to bind protons, (positive charge). Aspartic acid or aspartate (Asp) and glutamic acid or glutamate (Glu) are acidic amino acids because their side chains have carboxylic acid groups whose pKa's are low enough to lose protons, (negatively charged). The non-polar amino acids contain uncharged functional groups<span> at physiological pH and are incapable of participating in hydrogen bonding. </span></span>
Answer:
I believe the correct answer would be spem cells. Please mark brainliest.
Explanation:
Food web provides a better model of an ecosystem and model of many different consumers
Answer:
SURGERY.
Explanation:
Based on classification by the United States department of Agriculture, Category C, animals are exempted from procedure that can inflict pain, or distress.in addition any procedure that involved the use of analgesics (e.g. surgery) should not be performed on the animals.
Besides, regular procedures, of administration of injections and taken blood samples(preparation for surgery) which may produce minimal discomfort are also classified in this category.