I believe that the seismograph shows the difference of time between the arrival of the two types of waves and this can be read right off the seismograph recording. Also, to get the distance of the earthquake from the recording spot one can derive the average velocity from Vp x Vs/Vp-Vs=km/sec x difference in time of arrival of the two equals the distance to the epicentre, This is where Vp = velocity of P wave and Vs = velocity of S waves.
When elements and compounds that are dissolved in water leave a solution, crystallization occurs. Minerals form in this way underground & in bodies of water.
