Answer:
a. the marginal costs of damages are steep and the marginal costs of pollution reduction are relatively stable.
Explanation:
Pollution can be defined as the physical degradation or contamination of the environment through an emission of harmful, poisonous and toxic chemical substances.
Offset trading refers to a type of trading system that is typically designed for the realization of more efficient pollution control.
This ultimately implies that, an offset trading is a strategic program that allows emerging business firms to pay existing business firms in order to significantly reduce their emissions or pollutants below a specific standard.
Free market in tradable pollution permits simply means giving manufacturing companies and individuals the legal right to pollution of the environment. For example, XYZ company is purchasing the permit of 500 units of carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution annually, this simply means it is permitted to pollute the environment by 500 units of CO2 annually.
Additionally, a free market in tradable pollution permits has some sort of benefits as companies can resell their unused permits or devise a cheaper means of reducing pollution. It also compensate companies that significantly reduces its pollution of the environment.
A pollution tax can be defined as a type of tax imposed on business firms that causes pollution and damages to the environment. It is also referred to as Pigovian tax which is a tax on goods with negative externality.
Hence, tradable permits when compared with pollution tax are likely to result in less inefficiency, when the marginal costs of damages are steep and the marginal costs of pollution reduction are relatively stable.
Answer:
The cost of the machine will be $85,358.88
Explanation:
To calculate the present value of the machine is given by:
Present value=$16000*Present value of annuity factor(10%,8)
=$16000*5.33493
= $85,358.88
Answer:
Net income under absorption costing is $240,000
Explanation:
Sales (825*$1075) $886,875
less variable costs
Variable production cost($375*825) (309,375)
selling and admin. expense ($95,000)
Contribution margin $482,500
less fixed costs:
fixed production cost ($107,500)
selling and admin. expense ($135,000)
Net income $240,000
Net income under absorption was $25,000 more than the net income under the absorption costing, the difference is analyzed below:
Fixed product costs (1075-825)*$100=$25,000
That is the fixed production costs added to closing inventory under absorption method which was expensed under variable costing method
