Answer:
The correct answer is option (a) The court probably found that the state law was unconstitutional under the supremacy cause.
Explanation:
Solution
From the given questions it states that, What would be the court's most likely response to Ralph's lawsuit.
The court's decision response would be that, I that when the situation arises or occurs in that case, where there is a conflict which arises between federal and state law then in that case federal law must be applied.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
c. The systematic risk of a portfolio can be effectively lowered by adding T-bills to the portfolio.
Explanation:
If we want to less the systematic risk of the portfolio so we have to add the t-bills so that the systematic risk could be minimized
The other statements that are mentioned are incorrect as for risk these statements are wrong
So only c option would be considered as correct
Hence, the correct option is c. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
D : common stock of $1,000,000
Explanation:
Hadley Corporation 
Issued shares × par value common stock 
Issued shares 200,000
Par value common stock $5
Hence:
200,000 x $5
 = $1,000,000
Therefore the year-end balance sheet would show a common stock.of $1,000,000
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The benefit cost ratio is 1.564
Explanation:
The benefit-cost ratio is the ratio of the present value of benefits to the present value of costs. It is thus calculated as follows. 
Benefit-cost ratio = Present value of benefits / Present value of costs
Present value of costs = $20,000 + $2,500 (P/A, 10%, 10 years)
                                      = $20,000 + $15,361
                                      = $35,361
Present value of benefits = $9,000 (P/A, 10%, 10 years)
                                           = $9,000 x 6.145
                                           = $55,305
Benefit-cost ratio = $55,305 / $35,361
                              = 1.564