Answer:
b. the bond between the phosphate groups is broken to release energy
Explanation:
- Phosphate groups are negatively charged => there is a pull between the two groups
=> it's easy to break this bond & ATP is unstable
=> ATP has a lot of free energy
- breaking the bond between phosphate groups makes the molecules more stable (aka contains less free energy)
=> delta G <0
=> breaking this bond releases energy
- the energy released by ATP is then used to transport large molecules against the concentration gradient
Answer:D
Explanation: The pulmonary air sacs of birds only permit a unidirectional flow of air through the lungs. Unidirectional flow means that air is inhale and exhale through one trachea alternatively. This means the bird lungs only receive largely fresh air which has a high oxygen content during inhalation and do not receive fresh during exhalation. While air flow bidirectional in mammals.
Answer:
A number of tiny hair like bristlez are present on the lower surface pf an earthworm's body. These bristles help it to get a good grip on the surface of q ground.However these bristles donot provide good grip on plain glass tiles.
