Answer:
Genotype of long winged fly is Ll
Genotype of short winged fly is ll
Explanation:
Given
Allele for long wing trait is "L"
Allele for short wing trait is "l"
When a long winged fly is crossed with a short winged fly, half of the offspring have long wings and other half have short wings as the ratio is 
Let us say that the genotype of long winged fly is Ll
and the genotype of short winged fly is ll
The cross between the two will produce following offspring
Ll * ll
Ll, Ll, ll, ll
Out of four off spring two have long wings (Ll)
and the other two have short wings (ll)
Thus the ration of long to short wing offspring is 
i.e
Answer:
Weakening of digestive smooth muscle with age can cause constipation.
Explanation:
Smooth muscles in the digestive system have the role to move food down the tract via radially symmetrical contractions (peristalsis). With age, the function of smooth muscles reduces, causing the food to move more slowly through the alimentary canal (digestive tract). As a consequence, water gets absorbed from food waste, which can cause constipation.
The geological features were different. And humans development was different.
Answer:
Explanation:
Species: a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
Population: a particular group or type of people or animals living in a place.
Gene pool: the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.
Mutations: the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.
Lateral Gene Transfer: the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction).
Single-gene Traits: when a trait is linked to one gene-pair that consists of two alleles.
Polygenic Traits: is one whose phenotype is influenced by more than one gene.
Let me help you,
The process in which two gametes unite is called fertilization.
Have a good one!
