Henry Hudson is famous for exploring the Hudson river and Hudson bay. Amoung other places include the Novaya Zemlya, a big archipelago that sticks out of northern Russia, and the coast of Nova Scotia. Overall he was trying to find a northwest passage to Far East Asia.
The type of memory that Adam is experiencing is the implicit memory. The implicit memory occurs when the person has no conscious recall in which could be seen by how Adam can't recall the exact locations of the letters that are on the keyboard.
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." The federal government is another name for the national government (Congress, the President, and the Supreme Court) of the United States.
The spring song says about rainbows and birds