Two branches of government is the judicial and legislative branch. Both branches deal with laws. However the legislative branch creates these laws and the judicial makes sure they are in effect and are constitutional.
The correct answer is George Trumbull
It was influential in the establishment of experimental psychology in the United States. Educated for the ministry, Ladd was pastor of a Congregational church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for eight years before becoming a professor of philosophy at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine (1879-1881). During these years, I started to investigate the relationship between the nervous system and mental phenomena in the first study of experimental psychology in the United States and Canada. His main work is Elements of physiological psychology.
I believe the answer is: Primary
For example, let's say take a look at normal employees at a company.
For most of them, the main reason they spend their time to do the job correctly is to obtain money/salary even though they have to spend their time being scolded by unlikable boss.
In the scenario above, we can say that money is the primary reinforcer for the target behavior
I believe they would be named historians.<span />
The answer is STIGMA.
Hope this helps :)