What form of abiotic carbon do plants remove from te environment

Offspring of certain fruit flies may have yellow or ebony bodies and normal wings or short wings. Genetic theory predicts that t

Rashid [163]

Answer:

Yes, the observed results are consistent with the theoretical distribution predicted by the genetic model. The population is in equilibrium.

Explanation:

Available data:

Offspring of fruit flies may have yellow or ebony bodies and normal wings or short wings.
Expected phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1
9 yellow, normal: 3 yellow, short: 3 ebony, normal: 1 ebony, short
Sample size , N = 100
Phenotypic distribution 59:20:11:10

To know if these results are consistent with the expected ones, we need to develop a chi-square analysis. To do it we need the following information

Chi square= ∑ ((Obs-Exp)²/Exp)

- ∑ is the sum of the terms

- Obs are the Observed individuals

- Exp are the Expected individuals

Freedom degrees = K – 1

- K =genotypes number = 4

Significance level, 5% = 0.05

Table value = Critical value

First, define the hypothesis:

Hypothesis: The allele of this population will assort independently. The population is in equilibrium

H₀= Individuals will be equally distributed.

H₁ = Individuals will not be equally distributed.

Second, we need to get the expected number of individuals with each phenotype. To do it, we will use the expected phenotypic ratio and the total number of individuals in the sample. We can just perform a three simple rule, as follows:

16 ------------------------------------ 100 individuals in the sample ------- 100%

9 yellow, normal ---------------- X = 56.25 individuals -------------------56.25%

3 yellow, short ------------------- X = 18.75 individuals --------------------18.75%

3 ebony, normal -----------------X = 18.75 individuals ---------------------18.75%

1 ebony, short ---------------------X = 6.25 individuals ----------------------6.25%

Now that we know the expected numbers of individuals with each genotype, we can compare them with the observed ones.

yellow, normal yellow, short ebony, normal ebony, short

Expected 56.25 18.75 18.75 6.25

Observed 59 20 11 10

The chi-square value = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp.

So now we need to calculate (Obs-Exp)²/Exp

yellow, normal

(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = (59-56.25)²/56.25 = 0.134

yellow, short

(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = (20 - 18.75)²/18.75 = 0.083

ebony, normal

(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = (11 - 18.75 )²/18.75 = 3.203

ebony, short

(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = (10 - 6.25)²/6.25 = 2.25

X² = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = 0.134 + 0.083 + 3.203 + 2.25 = 5.67

X² = 5.67
Significance level = 0.05
Degrees of freedom = genotypes number - one = 4 - 1 = 3
Critical value or table value = 9.348

P₀.₀₅ > X2

9.348 > 5.67

There is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The genotypes might be in equilibrium, and there might be an independent assortment.

8 0

2 years ago

We know a lot more about animals and plants than Darwin did, and still, not a single case is known to me of a complex organ that

grigory [225]

The given statement is True.

Explanation:

The Charles Darwin developed the theory called Darwinism theory of evolution. The theory states that all the species of the organisms arises and developed through the small, inherited variations in the organisms that increase the individual ability to complete the survive and reproduce.

The individual species are not having identical traits that are passed from the generation to generation. The offspring are born that can survive, only the survive of the completion for resources will reproduce; he describes how the species can change in shape and character through the selective breeding.

4 0

3 years ago

It is generally acknowledged that as human beings age, it becomes more difficult for them to lose weight, or even maintain their

SCORPION-xisa [38]

Answer:D

Explanation:

5 0

2 years ago

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How did humanity start?

svetoff [14.1K]

Human evolution

Human evolution is the lengthy process of change by which people originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people originated from apelike ancestors and evolved over a period of approximately six million years.
One of the earliest defining human traits, bipedalism -- the ability to walk on two legs -- evolved over 4 million years ago. Other important human characteristics -- such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for language -- developed more recently. Many advanced traits -- including complex symbolic expression, art, and elaborate cultural diversity -- emerged mainly during the past 100,000 years.
Humans are primates. Physical and genetic similarities show that the modern human species, Homo sapiens, has a very close relationship to another group of primate species, the apes. Humans and the great apes (large apes) of Africa -- chimpanzees (including bonobos, or so-called “pygmy chimpanzees”) and gorillas -- share a common ancestor that lived between 8 and 6 million years ago. Humans first evolved in Africa, and much of human evolution occurred on that continent. The fossils of early humans who lived between 6 and 2 million years ago come entirely from Africa.
Most scientists currently recognize some 15 to 20 different species of early humans. Scientists do not all agree, however, about how these species are related or which ones simply died out. Many early human species -- certainly the majority of them – left no living descendants. Scientists also debate over how to identify and classify particular species of early humans, and about what factors influenced the evolution and extinction of each species.
Early humans first migrated out of Africa into Asia probably between 2 million and 1.8 million years ago. They entered Europe somewhat later, between 1.5 million and 1 million years. Species of modern humans populated many parts of the world much later. For instance, people first came to Australia probably within the past 60,000 years and to the Americas within the past 30,000 years or so. The beginnings of agriculture and the rise of the first civilizations occurred within the past 12,000 years.
Hope this helps:)

3 0

2 years ago

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The atomic mass of common krypton is 84, and its atomic number is 36. Krypton-82 has how many neutrons within each isotope? A. 4

PtichkaEL [24]

The correct answer would be A. The number of neutrons present in Krypton-82 would be 46. The atomic number of an atom represents the number of protons present while the mass number is the sum of the neutrons and protons in the atom. The mass number for the given atom is 82. So, 82-36 = 46 neutrons present.

5 0

3 years ago

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