Answer:
C. producers work together to increase prices
Explanation:
The concept of the invisible hand in economics was introduced by the classical economist Adam Smith, who is considered the father of economic liberalism. According to Smith, men have a natural selfish tendency and will seek to satisfy their own needs through trade in goods and services. Thus a positive effect of each man's selfish and individual attitudes will be felt in the economy. When everyone seeks their benefits, the wheel of economics spins. This is what Smith calls the invisible hand.
Consumers will demand goods and services according to their needs. Business owners, seeking to increase their wealth, will provide consumers with the most desired products. Consumers are rational and tend to buy goods from those they provide at a lower price.
Thus competition is a central element by which Smith justifies the invisible hand. The act of union of producers is considered a cartel, something contrary to the mechanisms of competition and therefore does not fit the metaphor of the invisible hand.
D. To increase their influence in the world
The answer is C. Dry communities
The Mongols treated the non-muslim subjects most fairly, while the Ottomans treated them the least fairly.
The Mongols were religiously tolerant because they conquered and rule through manpower rather than religion. The Ottomans were the least fair to non-muslims. It is close between the Umayyads and the Ottomans, but the only difference is the amount of discrimination (per se) held against non-muslims. While the Umayyads only had the jizya (tax paid if you were non-muslim), the Ottomans had distinctive restrictions on non-muslims. They had dress codes according to their religion and could only reside in neighborhoods who's residents were of the same religion (under the Ottomans).
