Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a protein molecule. Proteins are polymers — specifically polypeptides — formed from sequences of amino acids, the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue (chemistry) indicating a repeating unit of a polymer. Proteins form by amino acids undergoing condensation reactions, in which the amino acids lose one water molecule per reaction in order to attach to one another with a peptide bond. By convention, a chain under 30 amino acids is often identified as a peptide, rather than a protein.[1] To be able to perform their biological function, proteins fold into one or more specific spatial conformations driven by a number of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic packing. To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level, it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure. This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology, which employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and dual polarisation interferometry to determine the structure of proteins.
Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids.[2] By physical size, proteins are classified as nanoparticles, between 1–100 nm. Very large aggregates can be formed from protein subunits. For example, many thousands of actin molecules assemble into a microfilament.
A protein may undergo reversible structural changes in performing its biological function. The alternative structures of the same protein are referred to as different conformational isomers, or simply, conformations, and transitions between them are called conformational changes.
The plane(s) of the section that would allow me examine the internal anatomy of both lungs at the same time are as follows;
- Sagittal
- Coronal
- Transverse
<h3>What are body planes?</h3>
Body planes are imaginary geometric planes that are used to divide the body into pieces. They are used to analyze interior organs and systems during anatomical procedures.
We have the following body plane types:
- Any vertical plane that separates the body into anterior and posterior halves is referred to as a coronal plane.
- Any plane that separates the body into superior and inferior halves and is nearly perpendicular to the spine is referred to as a transverse plane.
- Any imaginary plane parallel to the median plane is referred to as the sagittal plane.
Based on the three types of plane sections we have, the plane(s) of the section that would allow me examine the internal anatomy of both lungs at the same time are as follows;
- Sagittal
- Coronal
- Transverse
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Mutations. Definition. A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. A Mutagen is an agent of substance that can bring about a permanent alteration to the physical composition of a DNA gene such that the genetic message is changed.
Answer: The key areas of controversy related to genetically modified food (GM food or GMO food) are whether such food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the objectivity of scientific research and publication, the effect of genetically modified crops on health and the environment, the effect on pesticide ..
Explanation: have a good day!
