The Dutch colonial empire (Dutch: Nederlandse koloniale rijk) comprised the overseas territories and trading posts controlled and administered by Dutch chartered companies—mainly the Dutch West India Company and the Dutch East India Company—and subsequently by the Dutch Republic (1581–1795), and by the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands after 1815.[1] It was initially a trade-based system which derived most of its influence from merchant enterprise and from Dutch control of international maritime shipping routes through strategically placed outposts, rather than from expansive territorial ventures.[2][1] The Dutch were among the earliest empire-builders of Europe, following Spain and Portugal.
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Some 8,000 years ago people living around the Aegean Sea began to spread into southern Europe, bringing their farming skills into a continent that had only seen hunter-gatherers for tens of thousands of years, according to the paper
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American plan to help restore Western Europe following WW2. It provided over $13 billion in economic recovery programs to these economies, and hence, was largely successful.
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<span>The election of 1860 saw the destruction of the Whig party because of the institution of slavery. The party was divided by those who supported slavery and those who did not. This is what caused the Whig party to fall to pieces.</span>
