<span>The statement that formal planning means specific goals are formulated and never reduced to writing but simply communicated is false. 
</span><span>In opposite formal planning is type of strategic planning that includes writing of the organization's goals and objectives. The given definition refers to the informal planning. </span>
        
             
        
        
        
First-line managers most likely have (d). a more narrow span of control than top-level managers. First line managers directly supervise non-managerial workers and employees who are assigned and who belong to a specific field of work or duty. These first-line managers are the ones that manage them, thus having a more narrow span of control compared to the managers at the top of the hierarchy.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The rate of return to an investor in the fund=0.088*100=8.80%
Explanation:
Given Data:
NVA at the start of the year= =$12.50
=$12.50
NVA at the end of the year= $12.10
$12.10
Distributions of income and capital gains =$1.50
Required:
The rate of return to an investor in the fund=?
Solution:
Rate of return=

The rate of return to an investor in the fund=0.088*100=8.80%
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Explanation:
The preparation of the statement of retained earnings for Amos Company is shown below:
Retained earnings at December 31, 2018 (before discovery of error) $858,000
Less: Depreciation expense two years ago -$45,600
Add: net income $209,000
Less: Cash dividends declared and paid during the year -$11,000
Retained earnings at December 31, 2019             $1,010,400