The beneficial uses of bacterial toxins in medicine are more and more used lately. For example, Botulinum toxin is a toxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which has paralytic effects (injection of this toxin into muscle relax specific muscles). Botulinum toxin accomplishes his effects on the neuromuscular junction where he prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach). Utilization of this toxin is in the treatment of various muscle spasms. It is also used in the treatment of migraines. Diphtheria toxin is also one of the toxins used for medical purposes for the treatment of cutaneous and non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphomas. <span>Some bacterial toxins can be used in the treatment of tumours. For example, immunotoxin, which is protein made by fusion of modified antibody and toxin.The antibody binds to an antigen on the target cell, the toxin then enters via endocytosis and kills the cell. Commonly used bacterial toxins in immunotoxins are Diphtheria toxin and the Pseudomonas exotoxin.</span>
Annelids have neither an external or an internal shell. Examples of annelids are
earthworms and leeches.
The higher the GC content of a DNA, the higher the strength of the interchain interactions, and the higher the melting temperature.
DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the genetic material in maximum of the organisms. The DNA is a polymer made from nucleotides (sugar, nitrogenous bases and phosphate group). It is composed of two strands of phosphate and sugar backbone in an antiparallel direction. The nitrogenous bases present in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C).
GC content refers to the total amount of Guanine and Cytosine present in the DNA. Since there exists a triple bond between G and C, more percentage of them provides strength to DNA. That is why high GC content denotes high melting temperature of DNA.
To know more about DNA and GC content, here
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Answer-
Red-green color blindness is a recessive trait and blue-yellow color blindness is a dominant trait.
Depending on which color blindness the genotypes would be,
red-green CB-
cc and cc
Or
Cc and cc
If it’s blue-yellow color blindness it would be
CC and CC
Or
CC and Cc
When converted to a household measurement, 9 kilograms is approximately equal to a
