Animal cell do not have cell walls
Osmosis is an example of passive transport across a cell membrane
Scientists have found that extracellular matrix component may induce specific gene expression in the embryonic tissues such as the liver and testes. For this to happen, there must be a direct communication between the extracellular matrix and the developing cells. The Integrins of transmembrane protein would most likely be involved in this kind of induction.
Integrins are the main principal receptors used by the cells of animal to bind to the matrix of extracellular. They are heterodimers and they function as transmembrane linkers between the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. A cell can regulate the sticky activity of its integrins from within.
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This is an example of Precursor gene regulation (protein translation) type of eukaryotic gene regulation.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The source which breakdown proteins into smaller amino acid is pepsin and generated as top cells within stomach lining or membrane, responsible for pepsinogen emission inside stomach. It is represented as zymogen having an extra 44 amino acids linkage as its primary structure. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) releases this zymogen which is emitted from the parietal cells in the stomach lining.
Once food is consumed, the hormone gastrine and the vagus nerve cause the secretion of both pepsinogen and HCl from the stomach lining. Hydrochloric acid induces an acidic environment that allows pepsinogen to unfold in an autocatalytic manner and thus generates pepsin the active form.