The U.S. Supreme Court hands down its decision on Sanford v. Dred Scott, a case that intensified national divisions over the issue of slavery.
In 1834, Dred Scott, a slave, had been taken to Illinois, a free state, and then Wisconsin territory, where the Missouri Compromise of 1820 prohibited slavery. Scott lived in Wisconsin with his master, Dr. John Emerson, for several years before returning to Missouri, a slave state. In 1846, after Emerson died, Scott sued his master’s widow for his freedom on the grounds that he had lived as a resident of a free state and territory. He won his suit in a lower court, but the Missouri supreme court reversed the decision. Scott appealed the decision, and as his new master, J.F.A. Sanford, was a resident of New York, a federal court decided to hear the case on the basis of the diversity of state citizenship represented. After a federal district court decided against Scott, the case came on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, which was divided along slavery and antislavery lines; although the Southern justices had a majority.
During the trial, the antislavery justices used the case to defend the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise, which had been repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. The Southern majority responded by ruling on March 6, 1857, that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories. Three of the Southern justices also held that African Americans who were slaves or whose ancestors were slaves were not entitled to the rights of a federal citizen and therefore had no standing in court. These rulings all confirmed that, in the view of the nation’s highest court, under no condition did Dred Scott have the legal right to request his freedom. The Supreme Court’s verdict further inflamed the irrepressible differences in America over the issue of slavery, which in 1861 erupted with the outbreak of the American Civil War.
The Bengals have reached the Super Bowl twice but have never won the Lombardi Trophy. Cincinnati was bested by Joe Montana and the San Francisco 49ers at the end of the 1981 and 1988 NFL seasons. The Bengals fell down 20-0 at halftime and were unable to mount a comeback in their first efforts against San Francisco.
WAR ENDED IN APPOMATTOX on APRIL 9, 1865 when GENERAL LEE surrendered with the remains of his NORTHERN VIRGINIA to GENERAL GRANT AT APPOMATTOX.
BUT THE FIGHT HAS CONTINUED EVERYWHERE. GENERAL JOSEPH JOHNSTON surrendered to TENNESSEE, the second largest in the Confederacy, to General SHERMAN. MAY 4 GENERAL RICHARD TAYLOR LAYS HANDS WITH 12,000 SOLDIERS.
AND on MAY 12 TO 13 IN THE PALMITO RANCH we had THE BATTLE WON BY THE SOUTHERS.
THIS BATTLE WAS THE LAST IN THAT WAR. KIRBY SMITH WOULD LIKE TO CONTINUE THE WAR, BUT GENERAL SIMON BUCKNER WAS SUBMITTED ON MAY 26. The remaining parts of the Confederate army surrendered by the end of June.
Deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an "offender". The deviant is one to whom the label has successfully been applied; deviant behavior is behavior that people so label.
