Answer:
PFFT this might help? sorry if not mate
Explanation:
Cell cycle checkpoint controls play a major role in preventing the development of cancer [see Sherr, 1994, for a more detailed discussion]. Major checkpoints occur at the G1 to S phase transition and at the G2 to M phase transitions. Cancer is a genetic disease that arises from defects in growth-promoting oncogenes and growth-suppressing tumor suppressor genes. The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a role in both the G1/S phase and G2/M phase checkpoints. The mechanism for this activity at the G1/S phase checkpoint is well understood, but its mechanism of action at the G2/M phase checkpoint remains to be elucidated. The p53 protein is thought to prevent chromosomal replication specifically during the cell cycle if DNA damage is present. In addition, p53 can induce a type of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, under certain circumstances. The general goal of p53 appears to be the prevention of cell propagation if mutations are present. The p53 protein acts as a transcription factor by binding to certain specific genes and regulating their expression. One of these, WAF1 or Cip1, is activated by p53 and is an essential downstream mediator of p53-dependent G1/S phase checkpoint control. The function of p53 can be suppressed by another gene, MDM2, which is overexpressed in certain tumorigenic mouse cells and binds to p53 protein, thus inhibiting its transcriptional activation function. Other cellular proteins have been found to bind to p53, but the significance of the associations is not completely understood in all cases. The large number of human cancers in which the p53 gene is altered makes this gene a good candidate for cancer screening approaches.
Answer:
Haversian canals are bone structures that contain blood vessels that provide materials for the osteocytes
Explanation:
Through this Harvesian canals, blood vessels that contain the necessary nutrients for their growth and development are brought which keeps them alive
Cow’s milk contains low quantity
of some vitamins such as vitamin C, D and A than human breast milk. Also, Cow's
milk contains high amount of protein, and low amount of carbohydrates. One of
the proteins present in cow's milk is difficult for infants to digest and may
cause an allergic response making cow’s milk unsuitable for infants.
The analysis of total microbial genomes in an environment is called metagenomics and the total microbial genomes in an environment (or the total microbial community itself) is called a microbiome.
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Explanation:</u></h3>
The study that is associated with the genetic materials that are obtained directly form the sample in an environment refers to the term Meta genomics or ecogenomics or community genomics. It can be considered as the process through which the meta genome is produced.
The genetic material of the microbes such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and protozoa refers to microbiome. These microbes lives inside the body of humans. The weight may range upto 5 pounds for these microbiomes. Micorbiomes are the total number of micro genomes that are present in the environment.
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Answer:</u></h2>
<em>C. skeletal muscle; cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and organs</em>
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Explanation:</u></h3>
- The somatic nervous system has voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles, whereas the autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary body functions, such as heartbeat, blood flow, breathing, and digestion.
- Skeletal muscle system (SNS) regulating voluntary skeletal muscle contraction and autonomous nervous system ( ANS) regulating involuntary control of smooth, cardiac muscles and glands.
<em>Hope this helps.</em>
