Answer:
First ionization of lithium:
.
Second ionization of lithium:
.
Explanation:
The ionization energy of an element is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom or ion of the element in gaseous state. (Refer to your textbook for a more precise definition.) Some features of the equation:
- Start with a gaseous atom (for the first ionization energy only) or a gaseous ion. Write the gaseous state symbol
next to any atom or ion in the equation. - The product shall contain one gaseous ion and one electron. The charge on the ion shall be the same as the order of the ionization energy. For the second ionization energy, the ion shall carry a charge of +2.
- Charge shall balance on the two sides of the equation.
First Ionization Energy of Li:
- The products shall contain a gaseous ion with charge +1
as well as an electron
. - Charge shall balance on the two sides. There's no net charge on the product side. Neither shall there be a charge on the reactant side. The only reactant shall be a lithium atom which is both gaseous and neutral:
.
- Hence the equation:
.
Second Ionization Energy of Li:
- The product shall contain a gaseous ion with charge +2:
as well as an electron
. - Charge shall balance on the two sides. What's the net charge on the product side? That shall also be the charge on the reactant side. What will be the reactant?
- The equation for this process is
.
Na is cation so it loses electron to be positive and become stable losing one valence shells one electron so it's oxidation number is +1 ie A is correct
Answer:
D)Gas particles move rapidly and have space between them.
Explanation:
Matter exists in three states namely: solids, liquids and gases. The particles contained in these three states are different from one another. In the gaseous state, the particles are FAR APART from one another i.e. space exists and they move at a very fast rate in contrast to the particles of a liquid, which have less space and move slower.
This rapid movement of gas particles within a less restricted space accounts for the reason why gaseous substances DIFFUSE more quickly than liquids.
Erm i’m afraid we need the list