In order to be useful in treating human infections, antibiotics must selectively target bacteria for eradication and not the cells of its human host. Indeed, modern antibiotics act either on processes that are unique to bacteria--such as the synthesis of cell walls or folic acid--or on bacterium-specific targets within processes that are common to both bacterium and human cells, including protein or DNA replication. Following are some examples.
Most bacteria produce a cell wall that is composed partly of a macromolecule called peptidoglycan, itself made up of amino sugars and short peptides. Human cells do not make or need peptidoglycan. Penicillin, one of the first antibiotics to be used widely, prevents the final cross-linking step, or transpeptidation, in assembly of this macromolecule. The result is a very fragile cell wall that bursts, killing the bacterium. No harm comes to the human host because penicillin does not inhibit any biochemical process that goes on within us.
It compromises bacterial cell walls by inhibiting formation of peptidoglycan, a chemical not found in eukaryotic cells
Explanation:
All antibacterial agents are unable to harm the eukaryotic cells because of various reasons. Some antibacterial agents are unable to stop protein synthesis while some interacts with the enzymes required for development of cell wall in bacteria etc.
Fluoroquinolone are artificial broad spectrum antibiotic drugs that act as natural antimicrobials and prevent prokaryotic cell like bacteria from dividing by prohibiting DNA unwinding and duplicating and also inhibits the formation of cell wall by formation of peptidoglycan
The control is the group of no fertilizers. A control in an experiment is usually the group without the variable to be tested. In this case, the farmer wanted to test the effects of fertilizers, therofre the group without it is the control group.
