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sweet-ann [11.9K]
4 years ago
7

There have been different models of the atom over time. How has the competition between these models affected our understanding

of the atom?
The atomic model has become more accurate because of this competition.

The atomic model has become a less accurate representation of the actual atom.

We are less able to design reliable products based on atomic theory.

We understand less about the atom due to these competing models.

EDIT: In case anyone needs this question the correct answer turned out to be the first option (I got it correct) Hope it can help anyone, best of luck 
Chemistry
2 answers:
Solnce55 [7]4 years ago
8 0
<h2>A. The atomic model has become more accurate because of this competition.</h2>

Explanation:  Over the years we haven't moved backwards in progress when it comes to the atomic model.  This ultimately rules out option b, c, and d.  Thanks to competition, the atomic model has been refined to an accurate model of an atom.  The competition allows scientists to build and learn from each others models.

lions [1.4K]4 years ago
6 0
Doing the same final thanks 
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shepuryov [24]

<u>Answer: </u>The correct statement is X is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period.

<u>Explanation:</u>

We are given that:

X = number of protons − number of core electrons

Effective nuclear charge is defined as the actual nuclear charge (Z = number of protons) minus the screening effect caused by the electrons present between nucleus and valence electrons. These electrons are the core electrons.

The formula used for the calculation of effective nuclear charge given by Slater is:

Z^*=Z-\sigma

where,

Z^* = effective nuclear charge

Z = atomic number or actual nuclear charge or number of protons

\sigma = Screening constant

The effective nuclear charge increases as we go from left to right in a period because nuclear charge increases with no effective increase in screening constant.

Hence, the correct answer is X is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period.

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4 years ago
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The rate of the backward reaction increases

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It is evident that if the reaction is left to proceed spontaneously, the forward reaction is favored because it results in a decrease in pressure in the system (The total reactants have 5 moles and the products have 3 in total).

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3 years ago
The vapor pressure of pure water at 25 °c is 23.8 torr. What is the vapor pressure (torr) of water above a solution prepared by
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Use <em>Raoult’s Law</em> to calculate the vapour pressure:  

<em>p</em>₁ = χ₁<em>p</em>₁°  

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χ₁ = the mole fraction of the solvent  

<em>p</em>₁ and <em>p</em>₁° are the vapour pressures of the solution and of the pure solvent  

The formula for vapour pressure lowering Δ<em>p</em> is  

Δ<em>p</em> = <em>p</em>₁° - <em>p</em>₁  

Δ<em>p</em> = <em>p</em>₁° - χ₁<em>p</em>₁° = p₁°(1 – χ₁) = χ₂<em>p</em>₁°  

where χ₂ is the mole fraction of the solute.  

<em>Step 1</em>. Calculate the <em>mole fraction of glucose </em>

<em>n</em>₂ = 18.0 g glu × (1 moL glu/180.0 g glu) = 0.1000 mol glu  

<em>n</em>₁ = 95.0 g H_2O × (1 mol H_2O/18.02 g H_2O) = 5.272 mol H_2O  

χ₂ = <em>n</em>₂/(<em>n</em>₁ + n₂) = 0.1000/(0.1000 + 5.272) = 0.1000/5.372 = 0.018 62  

<em>Step 2</em>. Calculate the <em>vapour pressure lowering</em>  

Δ<em>p</em> = χ₂<em>p</em>₁° = 0.018 62 × 23.8 torr = 0.4430 torr  

<em>Step 3</em>. Calculate the <em>vapour pressure</em>  

<em>p₁</em> = <em>p</em>₁° - Δ<em>p</em> = 23.8 torr – 0.4430 torr = 23.4 torr

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Answer:

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