D. Number of protons in an atom's nucleus
Answer:
Firstly, the partial pressure of nitrogen (78%) is crucial to breathing purposes. Without this pressure, the lungs will burst and animals cannot survive.
Secondly, nitrogen is required for the formation of amino acids (building blocks of proteins) and other organic compounds that are necessary for the survival of living organisms. Principally, in the atmosphere, nitrogen is present in the form of molecular nitrogen (N2). N2 is fixed by nitrogen-fixing bacteria that form nitrates and nitrites. These molecules are then used in biochemical processes to produce proteins (amino acids) and other organic compounds. In the absence of nitrogen, these processes could become seize of limited significantly thus affecting life overall.
Thirdly, nitrogen and its derivatives act as greenhouse gases that maintain the Earth's temperature within a range that supports life. Yes, the increased abundance of nitrous oxides is not good because of acid rain and other issues, however, still, the presence of nitrogen is important for life on this planet.
Answer:
One of the factors for the development of pyelonephritis, in addition to E. coli, is urinary retention and reflux (option a).
Explanation:
Pyelonephritis is an infection of the upper urinary tract caused by bacteria in the urine, such as Escherichia coli.
Under normal conditions, urine in the urinary bladder is aseptic, that is, without bacteria. The presence of bacteria in the urine indicates a urinary infection.
Urinary retention is the limitation of the expulsion of urine from the bladder. This promotes:
- <em>An increase in the amount of bacteria present in the bladder.
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- <em>The pressure generated by urine retention causes the bladder to generate a retrograde flow - reflow - towards the ureters, leading the bacteria to the kidneys.
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The result of urinary retention and reflux - when bacteria are present - is an infection in the upper urinary tract, called pyelonephritis.
Learn more:
Urinary tract infection brainly.com/question/4756206
Specific gravity<span>reflects the amount of wastes, minerals, and solids present in the urine</span>
Answer:
C) The amount of A is always equivalent to T, and C to G
Explanation:
Chargaff's rule was given by the Austrian chemist, Erwin Chargaff in late 1940s. It explains the composition of the four bases i.e. Adenine(A), Guanine(G), Thymine(T) and Cytosine(C) in a DNA molecule. According to it, purine and pyrimidine bases are always found in 1:1 ratio in a DNA molecule. A and G are purine and T and C are pyrimidine bases and a purine always forms a pair with pyrimidine base hence the amount of A will always be equal to T and amount of G will always be equal to C. This rule forms the basis for the Watson and Crick pairs in DNA double helix model.