Question

For each of the three items listed below, write a paragraph explaining how it provides evidence for evolution.

Answer 1

Answer:

Homologous structures are similar body parts in different species that indicate the species are related by evolution. The similarity of bat wings and human arms indicate that these

two types of organisms share a common ancestor. The forelimbs of vertebrates contain the same

sets of bones organized in similar ways, even though these forelimbs may function in different

ways today.

Organisms that seem very different in their adult forms may have similarities duringem bryological development. Such similarities indicate an evolutionary relationship between

species. For example, all vertebrates have a notochord and pharyngeal pouches early in

development. In fishes and amphibians, these pouches become gills. In humans, two pairs of

pouches differentiate into several structures, including the middle ear cavity, tonsils, and certain

glands. This similarity is explained if fish were an earlier and less developed vertebrate than

humans.The fact that almost all known living organisms use similar set of biological molecules also suggests that these organisms descended from a single common ancestor.

Organisms use the same 20 amino acids to make their proteins. Organisms store their genetic

information in DNA and use ATP as the main energy carrier. Also, very different organisms have

many similar enzymes.

Answer 2

Homologous structures are organisms which are grouped according to phylogeny, reveal that closely related organisms have more similar structures for example whales were once classified as a fish because they live in the water and they have flippers. Flippers are homologous to human arms and legs and they are therefore closely related to human beings.

Similar embryological development. Embryos of various vertebrates all look similar, including features. For example, tails which are not seen in the maturity suggests that all organisms evolved from a common ancestor, still, we express and share genes that are shared and belie ancestry.

Shared biochemical molecules such as DNA and ATP structure of molecules reflect descent with modification. The evidence of universal common ancestor is being reflected in the universality of DNA as a genetic material.
The genetic code in the machinery of DNA expression and replication. The relatedness within groups of organisms is reflected in the similarity in their DNA sequences. This is the exact pattern to be expected from diversification and descent from a common ancestor.